• According to different signal modes, communication can be divided into analog communication and digital communication. What is analog communication? For example, in telephone communication, the electrical signals transmitted by users online change with the size of their voice. This changing electrical signal is continuous in both time and amplitude, and is called an analog signal. The communication method of transmitting analog signals on user lines is called "analog communication".
  Digital signals are different from analog signals in that they are a combination of discrete and pulse free signals, which represent the digital information of the load. Telegram signals belong to digital signals. The most common digital signal nowadays is a waveform with only two amplitude values (represented by 0 and 1), called a "binary signal". Digital communication "refers to the use of digital signals as carriers to transmit information, or the use of digital signals to digitally modulate the carrier before transmission.
  
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ABB冗余系统通常比非冗余(单工)系统更受青睐，但有几点需要注意。一些冗余实施增加了复杂性，导致设计、硬件和运营成本超出合理范围。此外，一些冗余方法会损害各方面的性能，因此不适用。

在考虑任何应用的冗余解决方案时，必须评估多个自动化专业之间的相互关系，以确保实现预期的性能:

• 配电
• 使用仪器
• 现场总线网络
• 工业控制器
• 现场电脑
• 信息技术网络
• 云连接
• 云计算。

由单个易出错电路供电的冗余设备不具备佳可靠性。冗余仪器提供了更多的数据，但提出了哪个信号是正确的问题。如果设计人员仔细布线，使物理中断仅在一个位置打开环路，环形配置的现场总线和IT网络是一个很好的冗余选择。许多云资源都有冗余特性，但是糟糕的连接性会损害它们。

本文主要讨论工业控制器的高可用性冗余因素，例如可编程逻辑控制器和边缘控制器。这些控制器以多种方式与其他设备交互，连接:

• 下至较低级别的现场设备和仪器
• 高达更的人机界面(HMI)和监控与数据采集(SCADA)系统
• 横向于其他对等控制器。

由于费用和复杂性，在过去几年中，工业自动化冗余很大程度上只保留给关键的过程。然而，随着硬件、软件和网络的发展，将控制器冗余集成到所有类型的机器自动化应用中变得更加实际。

If you need to inquire or purchase ,please send the product models to my email or call me directly .

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Website：https://www.simonplcdcs.com
Address: Unit 2008, Chuangxiang Center, No. 1733, Luling Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian

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通用电气：备件，如模块、卡和驱动器。例如：VMIVME-7807、VMIVME-7750、WES532-111、UR6UH、SR469-P5-HI-A20、IS230SRTDH2A、IS220PPDAH1B、IS215UCVEH2A、IC698CPE010、IS200SRTDH2CB等。，
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Invensys Foxboro:I/A系列系统，FBM序列控制，梯形逻辑控制，事件召回处理，DAC，输入/输出信号处理，数据通信和处理，如FCP270和FCP280，P0904HA，E69F-TI2-S，FBM230/P0926GU，FEM100/P0973CA等。，
Invensys Triconex：电源模块、CPU模块、通信模块、输入输出模块，如3008300937214351B、3805E、831235114355X等。，
Woodward：SPC位置控制器、PEAK150数字控制器，如8521-0312 UG-10D、9907-149、9907-162、9907-164、9907-167、TG-13（8516-038）、8440-1713/D、5466-258、8200-226等。，
西屋/艾默生：OVATION系统、WDPF系统、MAX1000系统备件，如1C31129G03、5X00063G01、5X00063 G01、C31181G01、SE3007、VE3008等
Rockwell Allen-Bradley:Logix 175617942711触摸屏，如2711-B6C20等。，
罗克韦尔ICS三重：T8151B、T8311、T8403、T9431、T8480C等。，
罗克韦尔信赖：PLC-MODULE、WR-D4007,0-57406-E、Y-3023-2-H00AA等。，
Schneider Modicon：Quantum 140系列处理器、控制卡、电源模块、，
例如140CPU65160、140CPU67160、140CPU43412140CPU67060140DDI35300140ACO13000140CRA93100140CPU1133140ACO13000等。，
Hima：安全模块，如F8650E、F8652X、F8627X、F8628X、F3236、F6217、F6214、Z7138、F8651X、F8650X等。，
霍尼韦尔：所有DCS卡、模块、CPUS，如：CC-MCAR01、CC-PAIH01、CC-PAIH02、CC-PAIH51、CC-PAIX02、CC-PAON01、CC-PCF901、TC-CCR014、TC-PPD011、CC-PCNT02等。，
摩托罗拉：MVME162、MVME167、MVME172、MVME177系列，如MVME5100、MVME5500-163、VME172PA-652SE、VME162PA-344SE-2G等。，
Xycom：I/O、VME板和处理器，例如XVME-530、XVME-674、XVME-057、XVME-976等。，
Kollmorgen：伺服驱动器和电机，如S72402-NANANA、S62001-550、S20330-SRS、CB06551/PRD-B040SSIB-63等。，
Bosch/Rexroth/Indramat:I/O模块、PLC控制器、驱动器模块、MSK060C-0600-NN-S1-UP1-NNNN、VT2000-52/R900033828、MHD041B-144-PG1-UN等。，

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Compared with analog communication, digital communication has obvious advantages: firstly, it has strong anti-interference ability. It is difficult to separate the superimposed noise in the transmission process of analog signals, and the noise will seriously affect communication quality as the signal is transmitted, amplified, and transmitted. The information in digital communication is contained in the presence or absence of pulses. As long as the absolute value of noise does not exceed a certain threshold, the receiving end can determine the presence or absence of pulses to ensure the reliability of communication. Secondly, long-distance transmission can still ensure quality. Because digital communication adopts a regenerative relay method, which can eliminate noise. The regenerated digital signal, like the original digital signal, can continue to be transmitted, so that the communication quality is not affected by distance and can be high-quality for long-distance communication. In addition, it also has the advantages of adapting to various communication business requirements (such as telephone, telegram, image, data, etc.), facilitating the implementation of a unified integrated business digital network, facilitating the use of large-scale integrated circuits, facilitating encryption processing, and facilitating computer management of communication networks.